纳米颗粒重建骨质疏松微环境促进新骨形成

OsteoporosisOPis a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone density and altered bone microarchitectureincreasing susceptibility to fractures throughout the body. Although numerous treatment options for OP exist their long-term safety heavily impacts their effectiveness and patient compliance. Clinical practices primarily focus on osteoclasts and osteoblastsfrequently neglecting the contribution of immune cellscytokinesand inorganic elements in constructing the abnormal osteoporotic microenvironment. Nanotechnology has transformed disease treatment modalitiesespecially in drug and gene delivery. The adverse side effects of present pharmacological treatments for OP necessitate the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Recent advancements have seen the use of nanoparticles to modulate osteoclast activitydifferentiation apoptosisand intervene in osteoblast functions. These nanoparticles exert their therapeutic effects by carrying anti-resorptive drugs or encompassing genes that regulate osteoclasts. This article offers a comprehensive review of various nanoparticles and their effects on gene expression associated with osteoblastogenesis and osteoclast activity. It examines how these particles contribute to the reconstruction of the osteoporotic microenvironment and the enhancement of bone microstructure. Consequentlythis research paves the way for new therapeutic avenues in the treatment of osteoporosis.