2011—2021年北京市某社区新增与死亡严重精神障碍患者特征分析
haracteristic analysis of the newly increase and death of patients with severe mental illness in a community in Beijing from 2011 to 2021
背景 目前严重精神障碍患病人群与收治能力存在缺口，多数患者长期生活在社区。通过基层社区卫生机构为该人群提供及时、有效的初级精神卫生服务具有重要意义。目的 分析2011—2021年北京市某社区新增与死亡严重精神障碍患者特征，为开展社区精神疾病防治提供参考。方法 从北京市精神卫生信息管理系统调取社区严重精神障碍患者信息，采用描述性方法对资料进行统计分析。结果 ①2011-—2021年历年新增患者多于死亡患者，患病率从2012年开始逐年上升。②与基线比较，2021年精神分裂症构成比减少，双相情感障碍增加；教育程度小学及以下患者构成比减少，大专及以上患者增加；在职、年龄≥46岁、未建档期≤5年患者构成比较基线增加，以上均具有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。③2011—2021年新增患者212例，精神分裂症及双相情感障碍居6类严重精神障碍前两位；首发年龄集中在19～45岁段（65.57%）；未建档期5年及以下患者最多（40.57%），平均中位数8.50年。④2011—2021年死亡患者90例，精神分裂症患者死亡最多，为78例；死亡患者60岁以上年龄段最多（74.45%），死因前三位依次为躯体疾病、自杀、意外死亡，YLL率波动在-0.250‰～1.436‰。结论 2011—2021年社区严重精神障碍患者新增多于死亡，患病率成上升趋势，新增患者未建档期缩短，死亡患者以老龄躯体疾病为主，应采取针对性措施应对前述变化。
Background There is a gap in the population with severe mental illness and their ability to receive and cure, and most patients live in the community for a long time. Providing timely and effective primary mental health services to this population is significant through community health institutions. Objective To analyze the characteristics of the new increase and death of patients with severe mental illness in a community in Beijing from 2011 to 2021 so as to provide references for the prevention and treatment of community mental illness. Methods The information of community patients with severe mental illness was retrieved from the mental health information management system of Beijing, and descriptive methods analyzed the data. Results From 2011 to 2021, the number of new patients was more than the number of dead patients yearly. The prevalence rate increased year by year from 2012. Compared with the baseline, the proportion of schizophrenia decreased while those with bipolar disorder increased in 2021. The proportion of primary school education or below decreased, while those with high education increased. The constituent ratio of patients who were with a job, aged ≥ 46 years, and the duration of non-created files ≤ 5 years increased compared with the baseline, the above all had statistically significant differences(P < 0.05). There were 212 new patients, and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder ranked as the first two of the six types of severe mental illness from 2011 to 2021. The age of the first onset was concentrated in the age group of 19-45 years (65.57%). The number of patients with 5 years or less of the duration of non-created files was the most ( 40.57%), and the average median was 8.50 years. From 2011 to 2021, there were 90 dead patients. Schizophrenia patients had the most deaths, with 78 cases; The number of patients who died over 60 was the most (74.45%). The top three causes of death were the somatic disease, suicide, and accidental death. The years of life lost (YLL) rate fluctuated between -0.250 ‰ and 1.436 ‰. Conclusion From 2011 to 2021, the number of new patients was more than the number of dead patients; the prevalence rate increased, the duration of non-created files was shortened, and the dead patients were mainly elderly with somatic diseases. Targeted measures should be taken to cope with the above changes.
孙旭海, 石秀秀, 赵峥峥, 韩金祥
神经病学、精神病学
严重精神障碍社区新增死亡患病率
孙旭海, 石秀秀, 赵峥峥, 韩金祥.2011—2021年北京市某社区新增与死亡严重精神障碍患者特征分析[EB/OL].(2022-10-31)[2025-08-16].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202211.00061.点此复制
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