学龄儿童睡眠特征对情绪和行为的影响：执行功能的角色探析
he Relationship between Sleep Characteristics and Emotions and Behavior in School-age Children：a Study on the Mediating Effect of Executive Function
背景??学龄儿童的睡眠特征对其情绪和行为问题的产生有至关重要的影响，并且睡眠特征对学龄儿童执行功能的发展也起到了一定的作用，学龄儿童情绪和行为问题的产生与其执行功能的发展又有紧密的联系。目前对于学龄儿童睡眠特征、执行功能以及情绪和行为问题的关系是否存在中介效应的研究较少。目的 ?探讨学龄儿童的睡眠特征、执行功能与学龄儿童情绪和行为问题之间的关系，以及执行功能在学龄儿童的睡眠特征与情绪和行为问题中的中介作用。方法 ?于2021-08-21—10-08，采用方便取样法，选取河北省邯郸市涉县西戌小学与第四实验小学1~6年级学龄儿童516名，分别采用儿童睡眠习惯问卷（CSHQ）、长处与困难问卷（SDQ）以及执行功能行为评定量表（BRIEF）评定学龄儿童的睡眠特征、情绪和行为问题以及执行功能。利用SPSS27.0以及PROSCESSv4.1插件进行相关性分析、回归分析、中介的调节作用分析。结果 ?共发放问卷516份，回收有效问卷496份，有效回收率为96.1%。相关性分析结果显示，学龄儿童CSHQ总分与BRIEF中的行为管理指数、元认知功能指数抑制及转换、情感控制、任务启动、工作记忆、计划、组织、监控因子呈负相关（P<0.001）；学龄儿童SDQ总分与BRIEF中的行为管理指数、元认知功能指数抑制及抑制、转换、情感控制、任务启动、工作记忆、计划、组织、监控因子呈正相关（P<0.001）。强迫引入法最终结果显示，学龄儿童睡眠特征负向预测情绪和行为问题（B=-0.15，t=-5.33，P<0.01），执行功能正向预测情绪和行为问题（B=0.13，t=20.88，P<0.01）；中介作用分析结果显示，以执行功能、行为管理指数以及元认知指数分别作为中介变量，在儿童睡眠特征与儿童情绪和行为问题间均存在完全中介作用，主效应、间接效应95%CI均不包括0（P0.05）。结论 ?学龄儿童睡眠特征、执行功能与其情绪和行为存着密切关系，且执行功能在儿童睡眠特征与学龄儿童的情绪和行为问题中存在完全中介作用。这一发现强调了良好睡眠对学龄儿童行为与情绪的重要性，并为提升学龄儿童执行功能和整体发展提供了新的视角和干预途径。
Background ?The sleep characteristics of school-age children have a crucial impact on the development of emotional and behavioral problems. Sleep characteristics also play a role in the development of executive function in schoolage children. There is a close relationship between the emergence of emotional and behavioral problems and the development of executive function in these children. Currentlythere are few studies on the mediating effect of the relationship between sleep characteristicsexecutive functionand emotional and behavioral problems in school-age children. Objective ?To explore the relationship between sleep characteristicsexecutive functionand emotional and behavioral problems in school-age childrenand to examine the mediating role of executive function in the relationship between sleep characteristics and emotional and behavioral problems. Methods ?From August 21 to October 82021a convenience sampling method was used to select 516 school-age children from grades 1 to 6 in Xiwu Primary School and the Fourth Experimental Primary School in Shexian CountyHandan CityHebei Province. The Children's Sleep Habits QuestionnaireCSHQthe Strengths and Difficulties QuestionnaireSDQand the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive FunctionBRIEF were used to assess the sleep characteristicsemotional and behavioral problemsand executive function of the school-age childrenrespectively. Correlation analysisregression analysisand mediation analysis were conducted using SPSS 27.0 and the PROCESSv4.1 plugin. Results ?A total of 516 questionnaires were distributedand 496 valid questionnaires were recoveredwith an effective recovery rate of 96.1%. Correlation analysis showed that the total score of the CSHQ was negatively correlated with the Behavioral Regulation IndexBRIMetacognition IndexMIinhibitionshiftingemotional controltask initiationworking memoryplanningorganizationand monitoring factors of the BRIEFP<0.001. The total score of the SDQ was positively correlated with the BRIMIinhibitionshiftingemotional controltask initiationworking memoryplanningorganizationand monitoring factors of the BRIEFP<0.001. Forced entry method results showed that sleep characteristics negatively predicted emotional and behavioral problemsB=-0.15t=-5.33P<0.01while executive function positively predicted emotional and behavioral problemsB=0.13t=20.88P<0.01. Mediation analysis showed that when executive functionBRIand MI were used as mediating variablesthere was a complete mediating effect between sleep characteristics and emotional and behavioral problems in children. The 95% CI for both the main effect and the indirect effect did not include 0P0.05. Conclusion ?There is a close relationship between sleep characteristicsexecutive functionand emotional and behavioral problems in school-age children. Executive function has a complete mediating effect on the relationship between sleep characteristics and emotional and behavioral problems. This finding emphasizes the importance of good sleep for the behavioral and emotional well-being of school-age children and provides new perspectives and intervention approaches for enhancing executive function and overall development in school-age children.
马宁、孟洁、吕少博、赵阳、张浩东、王长明
10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0164
儿科学医学研究方法基础医学
学龄儿童睡眠情绪行为执行功能中介分析
马宁,孟洁,吕少博,赵阳,张浩东,王长明.学龄儿童睡眠特征对情绪和行为的影响：执行功能的角色探析[EB/OL].(2024-06-20)[2025-08-21].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202406.00342.点此复制
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