中国与美国就业差异的空间结构分解研究

Both China and the United States are significant in international trade, but the former has far more jobs than the latter.In order to accurately identify the sources of employment differences between countries, this paper uses the spatial structure decomposition method to distinguish the contribution of labor density differences, intermediate consumption structure industries, and final demand differences to the induced employment differences between China and the United States.The empirical results show that the labor density and consumption structure effect are the key reasons for the employment gap between the two countries, the final demand effect can restrain the employment gap between the two countries, the positive effect of capital accumulation effect is greater than the positive effect of net export effect, and the consumer demand effect is the only factor that causes the reduction of the employment gap.From the perspective of specific industries, the differences in labor density and consumption structure in primary industries, labor-intensive services and public services between the two countries lead to a large number of employment differences. Maintaining employment in the above-mentioned industries is an important measure to stabilize the employment situation in China.