心理安全感于个体与群体中的差异及共性 —— 人类发展视角的启示
The Difference and Commonality of Psychological Security in Individuals and Groups: Insights from the Human Development Perspective
人们习惯于做出危险伤害的预防行为，防患于未然以获得心理安全感。心理安全感是对可能出现的身体或心理的威胁或风险的感知预测，是一种心理状态，并通过认知、情感、行为、生理状态等表现出来。近年来，心理安全感的研究逐渐成为心理学领域的热门话题，尤其是在公共卫生事件、组织管理和社会关系等领域的研究方面取得了重要进展。然而，在人类发展领域，研究者们尚未充分关注心理安全感，并存在对于其在人类演化发展历史上的理解和干预方法的研究不足。因此，本文通过对文献的回顾与思考，基于人类发展的视角，聚焦于心理安全感于个体与群体中的差异及共性，来探索和深入对心理安全感的理解。具体而言，经族群早期生存环境筛选的遗传基因以及个人发展经历之间的差异导致了个体在面对事件时的压力感受性和应对方式不同，进而产生了心理安全感的个体差异；而在群体中，环境、文化和基因的相互作用引发了人们在思维模式和行为表达方式上的差异，从而导致了心理安全感的群体差异。此外，个体与群体的互动在心理安全感的形成中发挥着重要作用。一方面，集体记忆、文化符号赋予成员共享的框架和意义，用于理解环境并产生认知层面的心理安全感；另一方面，与群体积极的互动形成的归属感、凝聚力、文化依恋等情感纽带，带来情感层面的心理安全感。综上，本文以人类发展的视角探讨了心理安全感，并将其应用于亲密关系、家庭教育、组织领导以及应急预防等多种环境中，以实现维护心理安全感、提升生活质量、增进民生福祉和促进多元化与包容性的心理学目标。
科学、科学研究教育
心理安全感人类发展个体差异群体差异多元化与包容性
尹彬,韩书.心理安全感于个体与群体中的差异及共性 —— 人类发展视角的启示[EB/OL].(2023-08-06)[2025-11-07].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202308.00080.点此复制
People commonly take preventive measures against potential dangers to achieve a sense of psychological security. Psychological security refers to the anticipation of potential physical or psychological threats and is a state of mind manifested through cognition, emotion, behavior, and physiological reactions. In recent years, research on psychological security has garnered significant attention in psychology, particularly concerning public health, organizational management, and social relations. However, its role in human development and its implications in evolutionary history have been under-explored. This paper, by examining the existing literature, delves into the understanding of psychological security from evolutionary, developmental, individual, and group perspectives. Specifically, genetic factors combined with personal experiences result in varied individual responses and coping mechanisms to stressful events. Between groups, the interplay of environment, culture, and genetics leads to differences in thought and behavior patterns, inducing group-level variances in psychological security. Interactions between individuals and groups are pivotal to shaping psychological security. Shared cultural symbols and collective memories provide a common framework for understanding one's environment, fostering cognitive psychological security. Meanwhile, positive group interactions and the resultant feelings of belonging and cohesion fortify emotional psychological security. This research explores psychological security comprehensively and discusses its relevance in various domains like intimate relationships, family education, organizational leadership, and emergency preparedness, aiming to bolster psychological well-being, enhance the overall quality of life and promote diversity and inclusion for the civil society.
Psychological SecurityHuman DevelopmentIndividual DifferencesGroup DifferencesDiversity and Inclusion
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