童年社会经济地位对中老年认知功能影响的路径分析
A Path Analysis of the Effect of Childhood Socioeconomic Status on Cognitive Function in Middle-aged and Older Adults
背景 童年经历对中老年健康的影响已成为研究热点，但其对中老年认知功能的影响效应及路径尚不明确。目的 从全生命周期视角分析童年社会经济地位对中老年认知功能的影响，探讨中老年认知功能的促进策略。方法 本研究运用中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2010、2012、2020 年数据，构建多重中介效应模型，研究童年社会经济地位对中老年认知功能影响的中介路径。结果 本研究共纳入 1 034 位中老年人，平均年龄为 62.33 岁。其童年社会经济地位得分为（0.000±0.797）分，个体受教育水平得分为（1.970±1.111）分，社会参与得分为（1.150±0.967）分，抑郁状况得分为（5.960±4.681）分，中老年认知得分为（0.000±1.000）分。童年社会经济地位与受教育水平、社会参与、中老年认知功能均呈正相关（P<0.05），与抑郁状态呈负相关（P<0.05）。回归结果显示，在控制年龄、性别、城乡、慢性病患病、医疗服务利用的情况下，童年社会经济地位对中老年认知功能影响的直接效应不显著（β=0.054，t=1.400，P=0.162），受教育水平、社会参与、抑郁状况显著影响中老年认知功能（β=0.335，t=11.622，P<0.05；β=0.064，t=2.166，P<0.05；β=-0.019，t=-3.154，P<0.05）。中介效应检验结果显示，受教育水平、社会参与在童年社会经济地位与中老年认知之间的简单中介作用有统计学意义（95%CI=0.141~0.223；95%CI=0.001~0.019），受教育水平、社会参与的链式中介效应有统计学意义（95%CI=0.001~0.017），受教育水平、抑郁状况的链式中介效应有统计学意义（95%CI=0.001~0.008）。结论 受教育水平是童年社会经济地位影响中老年认知功能的资源路径；社会参与是童年社会经济地位影响中老年认知功能的条件路径；抑郁状况是影响中老年认知功能的风险因素。应基于生命历程理论，从个人、家庭、社会多个层面关注童年期社会经济地位的影响，制定中老年认知促进策略。
医药卫生理论预防医学教育
中年人老年人认知功能障碍童年社会经济地位CFPS数据库中介分析
许心蕊,刘晨,侯晓春,王琼,黄晓彤,吴炳义,杨晓.童年社会经济地位对中老年认知功能影响的路径分析[EB/OL].(2023-08-29)[2025-09-24].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202308.00750.点此复制
Background The effects of childhood experiences on the health of middle-aged and older adults has become a research hotspot. Howeverthe effects and pathways of childhood experiences on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults still remain unclear. Objective To analyze the effect of childhood socioeconomic status on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults from a whole life cycle perspectiveand explore promotion strategies for cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults. Methods The China Family Panel StudiesCFPS for 20102012and 2020 was used to construct a multiple mediated-effects model to investigate the mediating pathways of the effect of childhood socioeconomic status on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults. Results A total of 1 034 middle-aged and older adults with an average age of 62.33 years were included in this study. The childhood socioeconomic status score was0.000±0.797education level score was1.970±1.111social participation score was1.150±0.967depression status score was5.960±4.681 and cognitive score was0.000±1.000. Childhood socioeconomic status was positively correlated with education levelsocial participationand cognitive function in middle-aged and older adultsP<0.05and negatively correlated with depressive statusP<0.05. The results of regression analysis showed that childhood socioeconomic status had no significant direct effects on cognitive function of middle-aged and older adultsβ=0.054t=1.400P=0.162education levelsocial participation and depression status significantly affected cognitive function in middle-aged and older adultsβ=0.335t=11.622P<0.05 β=0.064t=2.166P<0.05β=-0.019t=-3.154P<0.05when controlled of agegenderurban/ruralchronic disease prevalenceand medical service utilization. The results of the mediation effect test showed that education level and social participation significantly affected cognitive function in the middle-aged and older adults95%CI=0.141-0.22395%CI=0.001-0.019. There was a statistically significant chain mediated effect of education level and social participation95%CI=0.001-0.017 as well as education level and depression status95%CI=0.001-0.008. Conclusion Education level is the resource pathway through which childhood socioeconomic status affects cognitive function in middle-aged and older adultssocial participation is a conditional path through which childhood socioeconomic status affects cognitive function in the middle-aged and older adults depression is a risk factor affecting cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults. Based on the life course theoryattention should be paid to the effect of childhood socioeconomic status from multiple levels of individualfamilyand societyto develop cognitive function promotion strategies for the middle-aged and older adults.
Middle agedAgedCognitive dysfunctionChildhood socioeconomic statusCFPS databaseMediation analysis
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