温湿度对朱顶红开花过程的影响

Hippeastrum vittatum belongs to Amaryllidaceae, a perennial herb with a amaryllis bulb flower genus. Through observing the dynamic changes of petals, stamens and pistils, we aimed to study the adaptability of floral structure in pollination, and explore the possible impacts of temperature and humidity on Hippeastrum vittatum flowering process. Research indicated that: (1) When the flowers were at room temperature (25℃, 75±5%RH), the caliber of perianth increased gradually, filaments with perianth opened and started to sink, and the diameter of petals increased and angle of the sinking were negatively correlated (R2 = 0.8917). When the anther of the flower was dehiscing, the styles were longer than filaments. The stigmas were before the anthers, and trigeminal stigmas haven't expanded, the cracking process of all of anthers lasted four hours. The shortening process of all anthers lasted 12.5h, from 1.75cm to 0.5cm. In the end of this dehiscence, the styles turned upward, and the stigmas were above anthers while trigeminal stigmas opened to accept the pollination; (2)When the flowers were under high-temperature conditions(30℃,75±5% RH), the dehiscence of anthers was highly synchronical, the whole dehiscing process of anthers lasted 2.5 hours; the duration (7.75h) of anthers shortening process was significantly shorter than regularity. (3)When the flowers were under high-humidity conditions (25℃, 90±5%RH), the opening caliber perianth significantly reduced, and the dehiscing of anthers was significantly asynchronous, the whole dehiscing process of anthers lasted 11 hours, the duration (7.75h) of anthers shortening process was significantly longer than regularity. Dynamic changes of pistils and stamens in flowers exhibite adaptation to pollination. Pistils and stamens mature in different time and diffierent locations to avoid self-pollination. A high temperature can promote flowering process, and high humidity can delay flowering process. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the pollination biology and Hippeastrum vittatum industrialization.