丧偶对我国老年人心理健康的影响——基于精神虚弱指数视角的分析
The Impact of Widowhood on The Mental Health of Older Adults in China：Analysis Based on the Perspective of Mental Frailty Index
目的 评估丧偶对我国老年人心理健康的影响，为制定我国丧偶老年人心理健康干预方案提供依据和参考。方法 采用2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据（CHARLS），筛选4694名60岁及以上老年人作为研究对象，依据“是否丧偶”将纳入的研究对象分为丧偶组（n=644人）和未丧偶组（n=4050人）。以精神虚弱指数为视角进行老年人心理健康状况的评判。运用倾向得分匹配（PSM）模型，采用Logistic回归计算倾向值，并通过标准偏差变化、共同支撑条形图以及核密度分布进行稳健性检验，使用k近邻匹配、半径匹配与核匹配分析丧偶对老年人身心健康的影响情况，并分别基于性别、户口类型和年龄段进行异质性检验。结果 相比于未丧偶组，丧偶组老年人心理健康水平有所下降（P<0.001）。Logistic回归模型结果显示，性别、年龄、受教育水平以及家庭月消费与丧偶相关（P<0.001）。匹配后的稳健性检验效果良好，PSM结果显示，丧偶使精神虚弱指数明显升高（ATT值范围为0.054~0.055，P<0.001）。异质性检验结果显示，丧偶对老年人精神虚弱指数的影响存在城乡和年龄段差异，但无明显的性别差异，其中丧偶对农村老年人的影响更为显著（ATT值范围为0.072~0.075，P<0.001），但对城镇老年人的影响不明显；对低龄段与高龄段老年人影响较为显著（ATT值范围分别为0.061~0.081，P<0.01；0.067~0.078，P<0.05），而对中龄段老年人的影响不显著。结论 丧偶会对老年人心理健康会造成负面影响，该影响对不同老年群体来说存在差异，应重点关注农村地区和刚刚步入老年和处于晚年的丧偶老年人，并为其提供社会心理支持。
医药卫生理论医学研究方法神经病学、精神病学
丧偶虚弱指数心理健康老年人倾向得分匹配
王振,李阳,曾智.丧偶对我国老年人心理健康的影响——基于精神虚弱指数视角的分析[EB/OL].(2023-03-28)[2025-11-01].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202303.10323.点此复制
Objective To evaluate the impact of widowhood on the mental health of older adults in Chinaand provide a basis and reference for formulating the mental health intervention program for older adults in China. Methods Using the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study CHARLS as the data source4694 older adults aged 60 years and above were selected as study subjects and divided into the widowed group n=644 and non-widowed group n=4050. The mental frailty index was used as a perspective for evaluating the mental health status of older adults. Using propensity score matchingPSMmodelthe propensity score was calculated by using Logistic regression analysisthe robustness was tested by using standard deviation variationcommon support bar graph and nuclear density distributionthe impact of widowhood on the physical and mental health of older adults was analyzed by using K-nearest neighbor matchingradius matching and kernel matchingand the heterogeneity was tested based on genderhousehold type and age. Results Compared to the non-widowed groupthe mental health of older adults in the widowed group was impaired P<0.001. Logistic regression model results showed that genderageeducation level and monthly family consumption were correlated with widowhoodP<0.001. The robustness test results after matching were better. The results of PSM showed that widowhood significantly increased the mental frailty index levelATT ranged from 0.054 to 0.055P<0.001. The results of heterogeneity test showed that there were significant differences between urban and rural areas and among different age groups in the impact of widowhood on the mental frailty index of older adultsbut there was no significant difference between male and female in the impact of widowhood on the mental frailty index of older adults. Among themthe impact of widowhood on the older adults in rural areas was more significantATT ranged from 0.072 to 0.075P<0.001but the impact on older adults in urban areas was not significantthe impact on older adults in the low age group and high age group was more significantATT ranged from 0.061 to 0.081P<0.010.067~0.078P<0.05but the impact on older adults in the middle age group was not significant. Conclusion Widowhood has a negative impact on the mental health of the older adults. The impact varies among different older adults. The widowed older adults in rural areasjust entering old age and in their later years need attention and psychosocial support.
WidowhoodFrailty indexMental healthAgedPropensity score matching
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