读心的比较研究： 非人灵长类与人类在心理理论上的异同点及其解释

omparative studies using non-human primates is an important way to explore the essence, origin and evolution of theory of mind. A large number of empirical studies have shown that non-human primates have some basic components of a theory of mind, including joint attention, goal understanding and perspective-taking, suggesting that theory of mind has evolutionary continuity in primate evolutionary lineages. However, non-human primates are unable to achieve second-order perspective selection and false belief understanding as humans do. The submentalizing hypothesis, vicarious representation hypothesis, minimal theory of mind hypothesis and awareness relations hypothesis attempt to explain the differences. Although specific views and perspectives vary, these theories all emphasize that non-human primates are unable to form representations of other individuals' mental beliefs about the external world, and that belief representation is an important dividing point between non-human primates and humans in mind reading. Future research needs to further clarify the interaction between shared intention, language mechanism, social ecological environment and theory of mind.