农村女性规范孕期保健现状及自我管理行为的调查研究

BackgroundThe rate of participation in standard pregnancy health care in China is gradually increasinghighlighting the imbalance and insufficiency in women's and children's health development between urban and rural areas. The potential of rural women's self-management as the cornerstone of pregnancy health care has not been fully utilized. ObjectiveTo examine the current status of standard pregnancy health care among rural womenassess their level of self-management behaviorand identify the factors influencing their self-management behavior in pregnancy health care. MethodsThe research was conducted from January to August 2023involving 470 rural women in Suihua City and Daqing City in Heilongjiang Provinceas well as Changchun City in Jilin Provinceall selected through convenience sampling. Various tools such as the Basic Information QuestionnaireMaternal Self-Management ScaleEdinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in Simplified Version EPDS-Dep-5and Maternal Social Support ScaleMSSS were employed to gather data. Data in relation to the present condition of standard pregnancy health care among rural women were counted. The self-management behavior scores of different characteristics of rural women in pregnancy health care were compared. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the factors that impact rural women's self-management behavior in pregnancy health care. ResultsThe findings revealed that 218 rural women46.4% underwent pre-pregnancy checkupswith 38882.6% having their first checkups within 12 weeks. There were 303 cases64.5%where obstetric examinations took place in medical and health institutions at the county level or higher. Of 276 cases58.7%the number of obstetric examinations satisfied the requirements for the respective pregnancy week. Howeveronly 103 cases21.9% adhered to the required number of obstetric examination items for the pregnancy week. The average score for self-management of health care during pregnancy was70.1816.42. The scoring indicators for each dimensionin descending orderwere medical compliance behavior79.75%routine life behavior management77.33% self-protection behavior76.73%and fetal monitoring behavior management70.43%. The findings from the multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the distance of family residence from the closest antenatal care facilityB=0.73295%CI=0.139-1.325gestational weekB=-1.33695%CI=-2.119--0.553pregnancy complicationsB=3.77695%CI=1.532-6.019risk of depression during pregnancyB=-0.35695%CI=-0.663--0.049and social support status B=2.63595%CI=2.508-2.762were identified as significant factors influencing the self-management behaviors of pregnancy health care among rural womenP<0.05. ConclusionRural women exhibited low rates of participation and eligibility for standardized pregnancy health carealong with moderate scores for self-management behaviors related to pregnancy health care. The distance of family residence from the nearest antenatal care facilitygestational weekpregnancy comorbiditiesrisk of depression during pregnancyand social support were found to be the factors influencing the self-management behaviors of pregnancy health care among rural women. It is recommended that health care providers at all levels focus on rural women during pregnancystandardize their pregnancy health care behaviorsenhance their self-management skillsand establish a scientifically soundcost-effectivesimpleand easily operable self-management intervention model for pregnancy health care among rural women.