正念破解“当局者迷”：来自纵向追踪与fNIRS的证据
Mindfulness for Addressing “Being in the Game”: Evidence from Longitudinal and fNIRS Study
摘要
采用纵向追踪与功能性近红外光谱成像技术(fNIRS)考察正念对个体面临不同社会距离的人际冲突情境中的智慧(智慧推理与思维)表现影响及脑机制。结果显示，个体面临不同社会距离的人际冲突具有智慧表现差异(预实验)，但特质正念(研究1)与正念干预(研究2)皆能够正向影响个体面临重要他人(相比陌生他人)的人际冲突情境时的智慧表现，且正念干预可消除了个体面临重要他人和陌生他人人际冲突时的智慧表现差异，其中正念所激活的与背外侧前额叶(DLPFC)、颞顶联合区(TPJ)相关通道的血氧浓度为其潜在的脑机制。综上，研究为正念作为破解当局者迷的手段提供了行为与认知神经证据。
Abstract
Solomons paradox, based on Western culture, suggests that individuals exhibit higher levels of wise reasoning when facing interpersonal conflicts involving friends rather than themselves. However, this phenomenon is not observed in Chinese groups due to cultural differences between individualist and collectivist societies. In collectivist cultures like Chinese society, there is a strong emphasis on the relationship between the self and significant others (i.e., friends, partners, relatives). Therefore, Chinese individuals may demonstrate the most wise reasoning when facing conflicts with stranger others, while showing similar lower levels of wisdom when dealing with conflicts involving significant others or themselves. The core mechanism of Mindfulness, Openness, emphasizes de-centering stimuli (separating the self from the experience). This approach helps individuals shift their perspectives when faced with conflicts or dilemmas, whether concerning significant others or themselves. By detaching from the negative constraints of the current situation, they can interpret events from a broader, more abstract perspective. This can encourage acceptance and consideration of other peoples views, the synthesis of multiple suggestions in decision-making involving two or more parties, and viewing interpersonal conflicts from a bystanders viewpoint. Such a perspective can alleviate being in the game in conflicts. To examine the effectiveness of mindfulness in being in the game, the present study first verified the manifestation of the traditional Chinese saying lookers on see more than players through a pre-experiment (N = 479). Study 1 (N = 212) used a longitudinal design to explore the causal link between mindfulness and wisdom, primarily focusing on the effect of mindfulness on the wisdom of individuals facing interpersonal conflicts with significant others. To further address this issue, Study 2 (N = 126) utilized a mindfulness intervention and functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine the effects of mindfulness on wisdom and its effectiveness in being in the game. The fNIRS optodes were placed over prefrontal and temporo-parietal regions, with 30 channels for each participant. Our results verified lookers on see more than players is primarily manifested in the asymmetry of wise reasoning and thinking between self and stranger as well as significant other-stranger, especially in the latter case. Mindfulness had a predictive relationship with wisdom, particularly in interpersonal conflicts with significant others. Furthermore, both behavioral and fNIRS revealed that individuals receiving mindfulness interventions showed similar levels of wise reasoning and thinking when facing interpersonal conflicts with both significant others and strangers. This suggests an alleviation of the being in the game, with the DLPFC and TPJ as the underlying brain mechanisms. This study enriches the understanding of the asymmetry in wisdom research and systematically presents the traditional Chinese wisdom of lookers on see more than players from a indigenous cultural perspective. By combining longitudinal and fNIRS, we provide causal evidence and cognitive-neural validation for alleviating being in the game, yielding valuable results.关键词
正念/智慧/社会距离/纵向/近红外脑成像Key words
mindfulness/wisdom/social distance/longitudinal/fNIRS引用本文复制引用
汪凤炎,王伊萌,徐慰.正念破解“当局者迷”：来自纵向追踪与fNIRS的证据[EB/OL].(2024-09-08)[2026-04-04].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202409.00152.学科分类
文化理论/科学、科学研究/生物科学现状、生物科学发展
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