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Observation of complex systems does not provide access to a complete system state, but produces a partial and irreversible transformation of it. Across biological, social, and engineered systems, what is empirically available is shaped by how observation is conducted, rather than by the system alone. As a consequence, unobserved structure is unavoidable and cannot be eliminated by improved measurement or modeling. This work develops a projection-aware framework for diagnosing non-equilibrium behavior under partial observation. It shows that residual effects are structural consequences of observation rather than noise, and that irreversible directionality rather than temporal variation or trend constitutes admissible evidence of non-equilibrium steady behavior. Persistence is therefore characterized not by convergence to an optimal point, but by sustained circulation within a bounded regime compatible with finite structural capacity. On this basis, the paper reformulates control and governance in non-equilibrium systems as maintenance within viable intervals rather than point optimization. A minimal governance protocol is proposed that constrains when action is legitimate without retroactively redefining observation or evidence. The framework does not reconstruct hidden states or prescribe mechanisms; it specifies what can be coherently inferred and acted upon when observation is necessarily partial and irreversible.

Persistent structures arise across astrophysical and evolutionary systems despite continuous throughput, dissipation, and partial observability. This paper develops a projection-aware explanatory framework for comparing such systems without reducing them to shared mechanisms or variables. Rather than reconstructing hidden dynamics, the framework identifies a minimal set of observable, falsifiable structures that characterize persistence far from equilibrium: stable occupancy patterns, irreversible directional organization, finite structural capacity, and bounded regimes of viability. Persistence is shown to take the fo rm of sustained circulation within admissible intervals, rather than convergence toward optimal points. Applying this framework to astrophysical and evolutionary systems, the paper demonstrates that persistence and failure can be aligned structurally under declared observation, even when underlying mechanisms differ. Non-equilibrium steady behavior is treated not as an ontological claim, but as a diagnostic status that must survive projection, null testing, and loss of temporal symmetry. The result is a constrained explanatory protocol that enables cross-domain comparison while remaining empirically testable and methodologically restrained.

背景：杜鹃兰（Cremastra appendiculata）为兼具重要药用价值与生态功能的珍稀地生兰科植物，其野生种群因生境破坏与过度采挖而急剧衰退。传统研究多聚焦于外部致危因素，对其内在生理约束机制的系统认知尚显不足。方法：本研究采用电生理阻抗分析与光合气体交换测定相结合的系统方法，量化杜鹃兰叶片细胞膜电学特性（膜电容Cp、膜电阻Rp）及光合性能参数，首次构建其电生理-光合生理关联框架。结果：杜鹃兰叶片表现出显著的电生理空间异质性，膜电容Cp变异系数高达83.7%，整体呈现"高Rp（4.12×10? Ω）-低Cp（7.42×10?11 F）"的典型特征，据此提出"致密型细胞模型"。该模型具备三大协同机制：细胞壁结构特化、膜系统低电导性及高粘度胞质环境。光合生理数据与该模型高度一致，表现为极低的净光合速率（Pn ≈ 0.50 μmol m?2 s?1）、高度保守的气孔导度（Gs），以及中低光强下胞间CO?浓度（Ci）上升所揭示的显著非气孔限制。跨类群比较显示，其电生理特性与极端抗旱植物具趋同适应特征。结论：本研究从细胞生物物理与整体生理整合视角，揭示杜鹃兰在长期适应中形成的"资源极端保守型"生理策略。该策略虽提升其在原生境中的生存稳定性，但也导致其碳同化能力弱、生态位宽度受限、损伤恢复力低下等内禀脆弱性，从而系统阐释了其珍稀濒危的内在生理学机制。

现状水闸改扩建泵闸受邻近建筑物（既有桥梁、海堤、公园）、边界条件等多重复杂因素的限制，导致平面布置方案设计难度大。本文针对乐柳虹平原胜利闸站改扩建工程，综合考虑用地条件、水动力影响、施工导流、相邻建筑物结构安全及施工布置等因素，通过分期围堰导流、闸泵布置比选、拉锚结构支护、水泵台数优化等工程措施，避让既有结构，平顺水流流态。在满足设计标准下，提出安全可靠的"泵+闸"布置方案，为方案设计提供重要技术支撑。乐柳虹平原胜利闸站改扩建工程布置方案和相关技术措施可为周边环境复杂的泵闸改扩建建设提供借鉴

针对高比例电力电子电力系统呈现“稳而不强”特性，以及传统渐近稳定性理论在刻画瞬态安全边界方面的局限，本文构建了新型电力系统动强度的概念架构与理论体系。研究基于非线性控制理论中的输入输出状态稳定性，在结构空间内确立了动强度的严格数学描述，揭示了在带宽竞争机制下，系统渐近稳定性（收敛速度）与动强度（抗扰裕度）之间存在的解耦乃至制约关系。在此理论基础上，本文构建了涵盖小扰动频域结构化鲁棒性能与大扰动时域多尺度安全裕度的多维量化体系；并引入“特征子系统”作为保持互联结构的降维映射工具，推导了可工程化应用的广义短路比指标，实现了从高维理论分析到低维工程判据的有效转化。此外，还基于动强度净增益提出了构网型装备的本质内涵与辨识准则，旨在为新型电力系统的规划补强与构网型控制技术应用提供坚实的理论支撑。